📝 Complete Course: Parts of Speech (For Students – Grade 5)

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Lesson 1: Introduction to Parts of Speech

Kya hota hai Parts of Speech?
English ke har sentence mein words alag alag role play karte hain. Jaise cricket team mein har player ka role alag hota hai (bowler, batsman, wicketkeeper). Waise hi English ke jumlay mein har lafz apna ek kaam karta hai.

Inhi “kaamon” ke hisaab se words ko 8 groups mein divide kiya gaya hai, jinko kehte hain Parts of Speech.

8 Parts of Speech:

  1. Noun (اسم)
  2. Pronoun (ضمیر)
  3. Verb (فعل)
  4. Adjective (صفت)
  5. Adverb (حال)
  6. Preposition (حرفِ جار)
  7. Conjunction (حرفِ عطف)
  8. Interjection (حرفِ فجائیہ)

Example:

Sentence: Sara is reading a book in the garden.

  • Sara → Noun
  • is reading → Verb
  • a → Article (adjective type)
  • book → Noun
  • in → Preposition
  • the → Article
  • garden → Noun

📒 Exercise 1:

  1. Apne ghar ka naam likho (Proper Noun).
  2. 3 cheezain likho jo tum apne bag mein rakhte ho (Common Noun).
  3. Apni class ke liye ek sentence likho jisme “team” ka lafz use ho (Collective Noun).

Lesson 2: Noun (اسم)

Definition:
Noun wo lafz hai jo insan, jaga, cheez ya idea ka naam ho.

Types of Noun:

  1. Proper Noun – Khaas naam (Ali, Pakistan, Lahore).
  2. Common Noun – General naam (city, boy, country).
  3. Collective Noun – Group ka naam (army, class, team).
  4. Abstract Noun – Jo cheez nazar na aaye, sirf sochi jaye (love, honesty, fear).
  5. Material Noun – Jo substance banata hai (gold, water, wood).
  6. Countable Noun – Jo ginne ja saken (apple, pen, car).
  7. Uncountable Noun – Jo ginne na ja saken (milk, sugar, air).

Example Sentences:

  • Ali is my friend. (Ali = Proper Noun, friend = Common Noun)
  • Our class is very noisy. (class = Collective Noun)
  • Honesty is important. (honesty = Abstract Noun)
  • The ring is made of gold. (gold = Material Noun)
  • I have two pens. (pens = Countable Noun)
  • There is some water in the glass. (water = Uncountable Noun)

📒 Exercise 2:

  1. Apni family ke 3 proper nouns likho.
  2. Kitchen ki 5 common nouns likho.
  3. Ek sentence banao jisme abstract noun ho.
  4. 2 uncountable nouns likho jo tum roz use karte ho.

Lesson 3: Pronoun (ضمیر)

Definition:
Pronoun wo lafz hai jo noun ki jagah use hota hai.

👉 Agar hum bar bar “Ali, Ali, Ali” kahen to boring lagta hai. Is liye hum kehte hain: Ali is my friend. He is very kind.
Yahan “He” pronoun hai jo “Ali” ki jagah use hua.

Types of Pronoun:

  1. Personal Pronoun – I, You, He, She, It, We, They.
  2. Possessive Pronoun – Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs.
  3. Reflexive Pronoun – Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Themselves.
  4. Demonstrative Pronoun – This, That, These, Those.
  5. Interrogative Pronoun – Who, Whom, Which, What.
  6. Relative Pronoun – Who, Which, That.
  7. Indefinite Pronoun – Someone, Anybody, Everything, None.

Example Sentences:

  • I am a student. (I = Personal Pronoun)
  • This is my book. It is mine. (mine = Possessive)
  • He hurt himself. (himself = Reflexive)
  • That is my car. (that = Demonstrative)
  • Who is knocking at the door? (who = Interrogative)

📒 Exercise 3:

  1. Apne liye ek personal pronoun use karo aur ek sentence likho.
  2. “Mine” use kar ke ek sentence banao.
  3. Demonstrative pronouns se 2 sentences likho.

Lesson 4: Verb (فعل)

Definition:
Verb wo lafz hai jo kaam ya halaat ko dikhata hai.

👉 Agar koi sentence mein “kaam” ya “hona” dikh raha hai, samajh lo wo verb hai.

Types of Verb:

  1. Main Verb (Action Verb) – run, eat, play, write.
  2. Helping Verb (Auxiliary) – is, am, are, was, were, has, have, will, shall.
  3. Linking Verb – be, seem, appear.
  4. Transitive Verb – jo object ke sath use hota hai (eat an apple).
  5. Intransitive Verb – jo bina object ke use hota hai (He runs fast).

Example Sentences:

  • She is dancing. (is dancing = verb)
  • They have eaten lunch. (have eaten = verb)
  • He seems happy. (seems = linking verb)

📒 Exercise 4:

  1. Apne roz ke 3 kaam likho (verbs).
  2. “is, am, are” ka use karke 3 sentences likho.
  3. Ek sentence likho jisme verb transitive ho aur ek jisme intransitive ho.

Lesson 5: Adjective (صفت)

Definition:
Adjective wo lafz hota hai jo noun ya pronoun ki quality batata hai. Matlab cheez ka rang, size, shakl, number ya kaisi hai – sab adjective ke zariye pata chalta hai.

👉 Simple words mein: Adjective noun/pronoun ko describe karta hai.

Types of Adjectives:

  1. Adjective of Quality – batata hai cheez kaisi hai.
    Example: good, bad, tall, short.
    Sentence: Ali is a good boy.
  2. Adjective of Quantity – batata hai kitni cheez hai.
    Example: some, much, little.
    Sentence: There is little water in the glass.
  3. Adjective of Number – batata hai kitne log ya cheezen hain.
    Example: one, two, first, second.
    Sentence: I have two pens.
  4. Demonstrative Adjective – batata hai kaunsi cheez hai.
    Example: this, that, these, those.
    Sentence: This book is mine.
  5. Interrogative Adjective – sawal karne ke liye.
    Example: which, what, whose.
    Sentence: Which pen do you like?

✅ Example Sentences:

  • Sara has a red dress. (red = adjective of quality)
  • There are many students in the class. (many = adjective of number)
  • This is my house. (this = demonstrative adjective)

📒 Exercise 5:

  1. Apne best friend ke liye 3 adjectives likho.
  2. Ek sentence likho jisme adjective of quantity ho.
  3. Demonstrative adjectives ke 2 sentences banao.

Lesson 6: Adverb (حال)

Definition:
Adverb wo lafz hai jo verb, adjective ya doosre adverb ki quality batata hai. Matlab verb ko aur detail karta hai.

👉 Simple words mein: Adverb kaam ke tareeqe ya waqt ko batata hai.

Types of Adverb:

  1. Adverb of Manner – kaam kaise ho raha hai.
    Example: slowly, quickly, well, badly.
    Sentence: He runs quickly.
  2. Adverb of Place – kaam kahan ho raha hai.
    Example: here, there, everywhere, inside.
    Sentence: She is sitting here.
  3. Adverb of Time – kaam kab ho raha hai.
    Example: today, yesterday, now, soon.
    Sentence: I will call you tomorrow.
  4. Adverb of Frequency – kaam kitni dafa hota hai.
    Example: always, never, often, sometimes.
    Sentence: He always wakes up early.
  5. Adverb of Degree – kaam kitna hai.
    Example: very, too, quite, almost.
    Sentence: She is very happy.

✅ Example Sentences:

  • Ali speaks politely. (politely = manner)
  • The cat is hiding there. (there = place)
  • We met yesterday. (yesterday = time)
  • She always helps me. (always = frequency)
  • He is too tired. (too = degree)

📒 Exercise 6:

  1. Apne roz kaam se ek sentence likho jisme adverb of manner ho.
  2. Ek sentence likho jisme “yesterday” use ho.
  3. Ek sentence likho jisme “always” ka use ho.

Lesson 7: Preposition (حرفِ جار)

Definition:
Preposition wo lafz hai jo noun ya pronoun ka relation dikhata hai kisi doosre lafz ke sath sentence mein.

👉 Simple words mein: Preposition batata hai jaga, waqt ya direction.

Common Prepositions:

in, on, at, by, with, from, of, into, under, over, behind, between.

Types of Prepositions:

  1. Preposition of Place/Position – kahan.
    Example: in, on, under, behind.
    Sentence: The cat is under the table.
  2. Preposition of Time – kab.
    Example: at, on, in, during, since, for.
    Sentence: I go to school at 8 o’clock.
  3. Preposition of Direction/Movement – kahan ja raha hai.
    Example: to, into, towards.
    Sentence: He is going to the park.

✅ Example Sentences:

  • The book is on the table. (on = place)
  • We met in July. (in = time)
  • He is walking into the room. (into = direction)

📒 Exercise 7:

  1. Ek sentence likho jisme preposition of place ho.
  2. Ek sentence likho jisme “at” preposition use ho.
  3. Ek sentence likho jisme “to” preposition use ho.

Lesson 8: Conjunction (حرفِ عطف)

Definition:
Conjunction wo lafz hai jo do words, phrases ya sentences ko jorta hai.

👉 Simple words mein: Jorna wala lafz = Conjunction

Types of Conjunction:

  1. Coordinating Conjunctions – do equal cheezon ko jorna.
    Example: and, but, or, nor, so, yet.
    Sentence: Ali and Sara are friends.
  2. Subordinating Conjunctions – ek sentence ko doosre par depend karna.
    Example: because, although, if, since, when, while.
    Sentence: I stayed home because it was raining.
  3. Correlative Conjunctions – pairs mein aate hain.
    Example: either…or, neither…nor, both…and, not only…but also.
    Sentence: Either you study or you fail.

✅ Example Sentences:

  • I like tea and coffee. (and = coordinating)
  • He came late because he missed the bus. (because = subordinating)
  • Both Ali and Ahmed are smart. (both…and = correlative)

📒 Exercise 8:

  1. “and” ka use kar ke ek sentence banao.
  2. Ek subordinating conjunction ka use kar ke sentence likho.
  3. “either…or” ka use kar ke ek example banao.

Lesson 9: Interjection (حرفِ فجائیہ)

Definition:
Interjection wo lafz hai jo feelings ya emotions ko turant dikhata hai.

👉 Simple words mein: Surprise, khushi, gussa ya dukh ke lafz = Interjection

Common Interjections:

  • Oh! (surprise)
  • Wow! (khushi)
  • Alas! (dukh)
  • Hurrah! (khushi)
  • Ouch! (dard)

✅ Example Sentences:

  • Wow! You did a great job.
  • Alas! He failed the exam.
  • Ouch! It hurts.

📒 Exercise 9:

  1. Ek interjection likho jo khushi dikhata hai.
  2. Ek interjection likho jo dukh dikhata hai.
  3. “Wow” ka use karke ek sentence banao.

🎯 Conclusion: Quick Recap

English ke 8 Parts of Speech hain:

  1. Noun – Naam dene wala lafz
  2. Pronoun – Noun ki jagah use hota hai
  3. Verb – Kaam dikhata hai
  4. Adjective – Noun/Pronoun ko describe karta hai
  5. Adverb – Verb/Adjective ko describe karta hai
  6. Preposition – Relation batata hai
  7. Conjunction – Lafzon ko jorta hai
  8. Interjection – Emotions dikhata hai

📝 Final Quiz (Mix Practice)

  1. Identify the noun: The cat is on the wall.
  2. Replace the noun “Ali” with a pronoun in this sentence: Ali is my friend.
  3. Find the verb: Sara is singing a song.
  4. Add an adjective: The ____ car is very fast.
  5. Use an adverb in this sentence: He runs ____.
  6. Add a preposition: The book is ____ the bag.
  7. Join these two sentences with a conjunction: I like tea. I like coffee.
  8. Write an interjection for happiness.

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